Effects-Of-Marine-Natural-Antimicrobial-Agents-Against-Food-Borne-Pathogens

Up to data there has a lot of drug resistant food-borne pathogens has continuously been producing by the misuses of antimicrobial agents that causes serious alarming threat worldwide.

Abstract

Due to production of constant drug resistant pathogens has now requires an alternative source of antimicrobials. For this purpose, natural antimicrobials have been involving to destroy the foodborne pathogens.

1.Introduction

The misuse use of antimicrobial agents causing development of multi drug resistance pathogens represent a global health threat. In this review, aim to critically describe the significance of antimicrobials, their underlying mechanism in controlling foodborne pathogens.

2. Foodborne pathogens hazard with marine consumption

Marine products are appreciating worldwide for their high nutritional value and is very susceptible to spoilage due to microbiological reactions. Foodborne illnesses cause by the consumption of marine food contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Recently, several outbreaks have been reported linked to the human gastroenteritis caused by norovirus, Vibrio and many others pathogens. About 582 million foodborne illnesses have been investigated were due to the consumption of contaminated food.

3. Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens

Since, due to continuous use of antibiotics agents for promoting growth of marine animals may lead to an increase’s evolution of multi drug resistance pathogenic microorganism. 

  4. Mechanism of Antimicrobial action

To control the pathogenic microbes, employ diverse strategy on main target sites to inhibit microbial growth: damage cell membrane and cytoplasmic system, inhibit synthesis of protein, DNA and RNA, and disrupt ATP and metabolic synthesis which eventually cause death of microbes. <alt tag ” Mechanism of antimicrobials”>

Mechanism of antimicrobial

 

5. Food borne pathogens

Due to inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs causes development of subsequent resistance of pathogens. So, now it has become a necessity to employ an alternative source of natural antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, in order to reduce these multi resistant pathogens marine natural antimicrobial can be use for this purpose.

5.1 Escherichia coli

Large numbers of bacteriophages and antimicrobial peptides isolated from marine products. They have been used to control the Escherichia coli present in different food matrices.

5.2 Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause a life threating disease known as listeriosis usually occurs in humans. Natural antimicrobial compounds bacteriophages and bacteriocin derived from marine has application used to reduce the viability of Listeria monocytogenes. Among them, specifically nisin and lysozyme mixture are involving to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes.

5.3 Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens which cause severe resistance against many antibiotics. Marine essential oil and chitosan has been significantly using for the reduction of virulence characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus.

5.4 Salmonella sp.

Salmonella that includes more than 2500 different serotypes represents a leading cause of foodborne infections worldwide. Marine derived antimicrobial peptides and as well as derivatives of lactic acid bacteria involves in to reduce the virulence factor of salmonella sp.

 5.5 Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is reported among the most virulent species in aquaculture industry which cause severe gastroenteritis disease in humans. So, marine extracted natural antimicrobials (lectin, nisin and bacteriocin) involved great potential in reducing virulence patterns of vibrio parahaemolyticus.

6. Future of natural antimicrobials

With the emerging problem of increasing drug resistant pathogens has creating an alarming demand to develop new antimicrobials against resistant pathogens. For this purpose, research needs to identify more natural antimicrobials from marine products with novel mode of action in order to target the multi resistance stains of various pathogens.

  7. Conclusion

Unfortunately, due to high misuses of antimicrobial agent at traditional level which leads to multi resistant strains of pathogens. Therefore, marine natural antimicrobials have been significantly using in order to reduce the viability of various foodborne pathogens by different mechanism.